Miren Gutiérrez

Miren Gutierrez* interviews AHMED DJOGHLAF, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity

BELLAGIO, Italy, Jul 17 (IPS) – Declining amphibian populations, dwindling fish stocks, waning ocean biodiversity, loss of forests…All scientists acknowledge that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history.But there are forces that are attempting to stop and correct the damage.Ahmed Djoghlaf is one of the most well known global warriors against biodiversity loss. He is trying to make the most out of the International Year of Biodiversity next year, and of international meetings in the run-up to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 10) in Nagoya in Japan in October 2010.

Executive secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) since 2003, he has also been assistant executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), coordinator of UNEP’s division of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and general rapporteur of the preparatory committee of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), better known as the Rio Summit.

IPS: You said recently that “we receive increasingly strong signals of distress from the natural systems that provide the services that sustain our daily needs and livelihoods.” What are those signals, and is anything being done to respond to them? Ahmed Djoghlaf: The last assessment of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) – done by 2,500 experts – demonstrated in 2007 that climate change is real, that it is happening now, and that we, human beings, are responsible for it. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment – in which more than 1,300 experts participated, launched in 2005 – demonstrated that the loss of biodiversity is real, and it is an unprecedented threat to the ecosystems. The current rate of extinction is a thousand times the natural rate. We are maybe reaching a turning point where we cannot reverse this crisis. We are experiencing the sixth global mass extinction of species, but the first human-caused mass extinction. Climate change is one of the main drivers of loss.

Djoghlaf spoke with IPS during a meeting on agricultural biodiversity organised by Bioversity International – the largest international research organisation dedicated to conservation and use of agricultural biodiversity.

IPS: Biodiversity loss and climate change are intimately linked. However, the recent G8 forum on energy and climate in L’Aquila, Italy, produced a declaration that included no concrete commitments on how much air pollutant emissions should be cut and when. What is your reading of the meeting?

Ahmed Djoghlaf: The declaration is important. Of course, long-term targets need to be set, as well as short-term targets. The leadership of the G8 should commit to a post-Kyoto agreement in Copenhagen (next December).

This has been the first time that these heads of state endorsed the biodiversity commitments contained in the Syracuse Charter on Biodiversity, issued during the G8 environment summit in April this year. The Syracuse declaration was a very strong statement to take leadership on biodiversity and to finalise the negotiation under the international regime by 2010 in Nayoga.

The climate change challenge is a technical and financial issue, but it is first an environmental issue. Tropical deforestation contributes to 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical forests are disappearing at a rate of about 13 million hectares per year, together with biodiversity that has yet to be recorded. Oceans absorb 20 percent of emissions; however global warming weakens the capacity of the oceans for natural abortion of emissions.

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En español

Yesterday, I received a phone call from Panama. It was Jorge Motley, former head of Interpol Panama. He called me to let me know that he had been exonerated of all charges against him. Former attorney-general José Antonio Sossa had sued Motley for trying to document Sossa’s involvement in money laundering. With this legal decision, Motley’s ten-year quest to clean his name ends. See the details of the Malocchio case in an old article below.

CORRUPTION: An Evil Eye Opens Up Again
By Miren Gutiérrez*

ROME, Feb 19 (IPS) – The departure of a Panamanian attorney-general has led to the review of a massive international money laundering case. Operation Malocchio (’evil eye’) as it was called, was “one of the biggest” anti-money laundering operations ever launched in Italy, says former prosecutor Giovanni Salvi who was in charge of the investigation together with his colleague Pietro Saviotti and investigating judge Otello Lupacchini. Investigation began in 1996 into hundreds of millions of dollars in proceeds from the smuggling of 900kg cocaine out of Latin America. By 1997 the network was set to ‘import’ 5,000 kg of cocaine and buy a bank in Belize, according to a report by Espresso magazine in Italy. Operation Malocchio was launched after Italian authorities carried out “an information exchange with the U.S. FBI,” said a report issued in 2001 by the anti-mafia investigative unit (DIA) of the Italian ministry of interior. The aim was “dismantling a complex crime group involved in the trafficking of significant consignments of cocaine coming from South America, as well as in money laundering and in the re-investment of huge capital through international financial channels.” The probe led to several arrests in 1998. In 2001, 15 people were convicted for laundering money from narco trafficking, including kingpin Fausto Pellegrinetti. But he escaped and is still a fugitive. Appeals against the sentence were rejected.Accomplices in Panama, and also in Brazil and Belize (a tiny Central American nation with a population of 273,000 bordering Guatemala and Mexico) had a prominent role in the money laundering and re-investment scheme, according to documents seized by the Italian police.

In October 1997 Italian authorities asked Interpol in Panama for information that could link three suspect telephone numbers with well-known Panamanian politician Alfredo Oranges.

Oranges was then a serious contender for presidential candidacy in the 1998 elections from the Revolutionary Democratic Party (PRD). Interpol Panama confirmed that the numbers belonged to Oranges..

The Financial Analysis Unit (UAF) in Panama then discovered that money from outside the country was being transferred regularly to and from the local bank accounts of the company Clark’s Investment Corp. Oranges was authorised to sign documents on behalf of Clark’s Investment, the UAF said.

This corporation “has served as bridge for a series of banking transfers that cross several countries without an apparent motive or commercial activity justifying them,” said the UAF. Some of the transfers were higher than a million dollars.

Edwin Arias Castillo, a Clark’s Investment executive and Oranges’ associate, was also treasurer in another corporation France Mistral, S.A., where Lillo Rosario Lauricella – kingpin Pellegrinetti’s right hand in Latin America – was vice-president, the UAF noted.

“Vast amounts of money from outside were deposited through Panamanian corporations in local bank accounts, where they would stay for a couple of days and later were transferred to a bank in another country,” Jorge Mottley, former head of Interpol Panama told IPS in a telephone interview. Mottley had joined investigation of the Panamanian ramifications of the case.

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